Circular Variable Neutral Density (CVND) filters are used in high quality optical systems to change the intensity of light from 100 percent to less than 0.1 percent. In a system that uses this technology, the beam intensity changes as the filter rotates due to the density variation of a gradient metallic coating around the filter. […]
Short Circuit, Coordination, and Arc Flash
For the application of electronics, unique challenges are presented by data center power systems. The challenges include multiple operating modes. Careful implementation must be done for the desired system to performance under all conditions, whether normal or abnormal. There is a possibility of analyzing power system by hand calculation but with datacenters power system, it […]
Thin-Film Coatings and Their Applications
While the majority of the material in a lens, filter, or mirror is a substrate such as glass, it is the first few nanometers of material that light penetrates that can determine much of the light’s behavior. The application of specialist thin-film coatings has become a major industry and is very important for many applications. […]